- When we speak or write, we refer back to something that has already been mentioned or make a connection with it.
- The word in a text that refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning is called anaphoric reference.
Example:
I went out with Jo on Sunday. She looked awful. ('She' clearly refers to 'Jo', there is no need to repeat her name.)
Cataphoric Reference
- Cataphoric reference means that a word in a text refers to another later in the text and you need to look forward to understand.
Example:
When he arrived, John noticed that the door was open. ('He' refers to 'John.')
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